巧用绕口令教学英语音标

       “万丈高楼平地起”，是说地基对于建筑物的重要性，而构筑英语殿堂的基石则是英语音标，学英语的目的就是为了说英语，用英语。一方面，有些人尽管笔试成绩 不错，但却羞于启齿说英语，或者说出的英语令人难以听懂。究其原因，是英语音标没掌握。另一方面，大多数英语单词的拼写和单词的音标都遵循读音规则，因 此，只要掌握了读音规则，并不断总结单词拼写与其音标之间的联系，就能做到看见单词就能读出来，能说出来的单词就会写。总之，掌握好语音，不仅对于练就一 口标准的英语口语很关键，而且对于记忆英语单词也有很大帮助。

       那么，如何读准音标呢?

       传统的方法是依照教材练口形，根据录音模仿发音。单纯这样的练习，一则单调乏味，二则缺乏对比，学习效果较差，很多人往往半途而废。传统教学中把容易混淆 的音标分组，进行对比练习，虽有效果，但因无相应的语言环境，也显得枯燥，难以把握。笔者在多年的英语教学工作中，把含有某个音标或某几个音标的多个单词 编成绕口令，教给学生。教学实践中，学生们觉得既生动有趣，又新颖独特，记忆深刻。枯燥的发音练习顿时生动活泼，音标的读音在不知不觉中得到强化，教学效 果明显提高。现将绕口令教学法的要点介绍如下：

         一、发挥绕口令的强化练习作用

        编一个绕口令，让个别难以发准的音标多次出习在一个或几个句子中，朗读时反复检查自己的口型使口腔习惯于该音的准确位置。若再次碰到此音，口腔便很快滑到 该音的准确位置。此谓单音强化练习如有人常把He smiles读成He smells，就是没有掌握［ai］的正确读音。不妨采用如下绕口令对［ai］的音进行强化训练：

    I like to ride my light white bike，and fly a white light kite with my wife．(我喜欢在晚上月光下沿河边和我量子边骑着那白色的轻型车边放白色的轻风筝。)

    二、发挥绕口令的对比作用

    绕口令的突出优点是进行对比练习。把两个豉多个相近的音素放在一起，让学生在朗读时进行比较，提高发音器官的适应性。特别是在长元音和短元音的训练中能使 学生有效的区分长音和短音，效果突出。例如，很多人认为［i］是长元音［i：］的短读。实际上，虽然［i］和［i：］都是舌前部抬高，但［i］的发声通道 要比［i：］大得多。用下面的绕口令进行对比训练。

     可快速掌握它们的发声特点：

    Bill was beating a big beast with his big fist，and his big rist was badly bitten by the big beast．

    (比尔正用他的大拳头打一头大野兽，但他的大拳头被这只大野兽狠狠地咬了一口。)

    不仅元音如此，相似的辅音也能编成绕口令进行对比训练，如［t］和［t∫］：

    This is a Kitten in the kitchen．

    In the kitchen I fry the chicken．

    A fly flies into the kitchen while I frv the chicken．(厨房里有一只小猫，我在厨房做炸鸡，当我在做炸鸡时，一只苍蝇飞进厨房。)

    三、发挥绕口令的识别作用

    在准确掌握每个音素的基础上，把一些易混淆的音素放进具体的语言环境中，让口腔等发音器官识别 每一个音素。绕口令则能够很好地满足这一要求，充分锻炼各个发音器官的灵活性。如教学实践中，象这些元音，学生往往  感到难以掌握，笔者就让他们练凑下面的绕口令，从慢到快，循序渐进，效果颇佳。

    Betty botter bought some butter，(贝蒂布特买了些黄油，)

    But she said，the butter’S bitter．(但是她说黄油有点苦。)

    If I put it in my batter，(如果我把它放进甜饼糊，)

    it will make my batter bitter．(它会使甜饼糊变苦。)

    But a bit of butter butter，(但加人一点儿较好的黄油，)

    will make my batter better．(就会使甜饼糊味道更好。)

    So she bought a bit of butter，(于是她又买了一点儿黄油，)

    better than her bitter butter．(味道比她的苦黄油更好。)

    And she put it in her batter，(她把它放进甜饼糊，)

    and the batter was not bitter．(甜饼糊也不苦了。)

    Sot was better Betty botter bought a bit 0f better butter．

    (因此贝蒂布特买较好的黄油是更好的选择。)

        通过统口令的练习，不仅能够提高语言的发音准确程度，更能提高学生的会话能力。由于英语相对于汉语的独特性，初学者往往觉得说英语别扭，舌头拐不过弯儿。 通过英语绕口令的强化练习，学生们的发声器官变得更加灵活，会话能力很快提高，更增强了学习英语的兴趣。下边一段绕口令可用于进行综合练习：

       Good cookies could be cooked by a good cook，if a good cook could cook good cookies．(如果一个好厨师能烤出好面包，那就让他来烤面包。)

        编写英语绕1：21令，多多练习一些英语绕口令，学习者的英语会话水平一定会有意想不到的进步。
 
 
爆破音p b t d k g

双唇音p,b

Peter Piper picked a peck(配克,量词) of pickle(泡菜)prepared by his parents and put them in a big paper plate.
Bill's big brother is building a beautiful building between two big brick blocks.

齿龈音t,d

Too many teenagers tend to waste their time watching television.
Dick's daughter Dianna doesn't like dancing.

软腭音k,g

Good cookies could be cooked by a good cook, if a good cook could cook good cookies.
A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!

四个前元音i:,i,e,?(不会打音标,用字母代替,替不了只好用?)

Do you see the green leaves of each tree in the field?
A little pill may well cure a great ill.
Ann sent Andy ten hens and Andy sent Ann ten pens.
A fat man sat on a black cat and the black cat was squashed flat, for the man was mad.

摩擦音

Five frantic frogs fled from fifty fiece fishes.
Elizabeth's birthday is on the third Thursday of this month.
Sandy sniffed sweet smelling sunflower seeds while sitting beside a swift stream.
She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashells she is sure.
An English fisherman wishes to get a foolish fish for a cold dish.
The ruddy widow really wants ripe watermelon and red roses when winter arrives.
Harris rarely reads literary reviews.

鼻辅音

Brahms is the name of a 19th centry German composer.
You know I know that you know. I know that you know that I know.
The spring brings many charming things.

半元音

What,why,when and where are the words we require quite often when we want to ask a question.

破擦音

The chief charge against John is that he cheated the judge.
Jenny and Jimmy went to Jamaica and Germany in January, but Joan and John went to Jordan and Japan in June and July.
Trudy's dream has come true at last.
How many dew would a dewdrop drop if a dewdrop could drop dew?
The sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick.

后元音

A large army marched past the farmyard.
When a doctor doctors another doctor, does he doctor the doctored doctor the way the dotored doctor wants to be doctored or does he doctor the doctored doctor the way the doctoring doctor wants to doctor the doctor?
呵呵，这段好绕口，语法现象出现不少哦。
Tom's got a lot of dots on his pocket. If he wants to wash off the dots, he will use a pot of hot water.
How many wood would a wood chuck chuck if a wood chuck could chuck wood? He'd chuck as much wood as a woodchuck could chuck wood.

中元音

To run and play under the sun is fun. When your work is done, come out in the sun and have some fun.
The nurses in skirts washed thirty dirty shirts.
合口双元音/ei/等
No pains, no gains.
Haste makes waste.
I don't know why Joan showed a yellow coat to the goat in the snow.
Strike while the iron is hot.
A spoiled boy destroyed a toy for joy.

集中双元音

The man with fair hair dare not repair their chair there becaust there is a bear there.
The tourist toured the moor in February.
Robert Rolly rolled a round roll around the road.(是练美音的卷舌）
Can you can a can as a canner cans a can?
No,I can't can a can as a canner cans a can.
There is no need to light a night light at a light night like tonight.(这是“L“”N“两个音）